Demonstrate A Range Of Communication Essay Example for Free

Demonstrate A Range Of Communication Essay When meeting an individual patient’s communication needs, a range of methods must be used. On the ward I work on, patient A has a long history of putting this in her ears, because of this she has an impairment of her hearing. This impairment can affect her emotional wellbeing, she often becomes frustrated when be spoken to due to not being able to hear people clearly. To communicate with Patient A more effectively, I would take into consideration my positioning, making sure I am standing face on to her. From my experience I have found this alone works however I have considered using pictorial aids, referral to the GP for a hearing aid and written communication.

Social Forces Affecting Education -Pressures on Children Essay

Social forces play a major role in the achievement that takes place in our nation’s schools. Factors that take place outside of the classroom have significant effects that intrude on a child’s learning environment. These social forces hold no prejudice to the youth for whom they afflict and arise in every school setting across the public school system. It is important that one recognizes the impact that social forces have on the future leaders of our country and what conflicts they create for our present day learners. Because we live in a competitive society and want to be able to compete in the global economy, achievement pressure runs rampant in classrooms across the country (Anxiety.org, 2011). When parents and teachers can become aware of the emotional burdens and adverse effects that high achievement pressures carry, they will no doubt second guess their choice to perpetuate them (Weissbourd, 2011). The first step in solving any problem is to first be able to ackno wledge it. Pressures on children in today’s society are a problem that is becoming more evident in academics as parents and teachers put more and more emphasis on these children to outperform their classmates, stress in the child’s life becomes an interfering problem (Anxiety.org, 2011 Weissbourd, 2011,). From preschool children to college adults, pressure to execute academic perfection extends across all areas of curriculum. In our highly competitive, American society, emphasis placed on academic achievement has never been so intense (Anxiety.org, 2011, Beilock, 2011). This need to be the best, fueled by our culture in America, has created a social force affecting education, a force to be reckoned with at that. Too often, parents and teachers sacrifice their chil... ... medical foundation. Retrieved from http://www.pamf.org/teen/byteens/academic-stress.html Kaur, S. (2011). pamf.org. Retrieved from http://www.pamf.org/teen/life/stress/academicpressure.html Anxiety.org. (2011, 5 16). Retrieved from http://www.anxiety.org/anxiety-news/general/childhood-anxiety-from-academic-pressure-are-we-pushin Herrfeldt, B. (n.d.). ehow.com. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/how_2314755_cope-academic-pressure-.html Weissbourd, R. (2011, May). The Overpressured Student. Educational Leadership, Vol. 68, No. 8, 23-27. Kadison, R. & DiGeronimo, T.F. (2004). College of the Overwhelmed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. American Psychological Association (APA) (2012, March 12). Reducing academic pressure may help children succeed. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120312101439.htm

Business Plan For Sunshine Bakery Essay

Sunshine Bakery will be specializing in visually attractive cupcakes and cakes. There has been a significant increase in demand for whimsical, overindulgent and visually stimulating cakes, and Sunshine Bakery will target special events such as weddings, birthdays, christenings, bachelorette parties and stork teas. The Products Sunshine offers a wide range of speciality cakes. All the flavours will be available in both cupcakes or cakes. The different flavours on offer are: vanilla, lemon, strawberry, chocolate, cheesecake, cherry cream and blue berry. Customers Sunshine will focus on three distinct customer segments. The first group is the wedding group. This segment is growing at 15% a year with 32,000 potential customers. The second niche is the parties group. This segment is also growing at 15% with 14,200 potential people. The last group is the individual buyer (walk-in) group. This niche also is growing at 15% with 48,000 possible customers. Management Team Recognizing the importance of human capital, Sunshine has assembled a strong management team. The team is led by Merlin Hull. Merlin comes to Sunshine with 10 years of baking experience. In addition to her industry specific experience, Merlin has had 2 years of management experience. Robert Morgan brings financial skills to Sunshine after a 15 year CPA career. Marlene Hendricks will lead the marketing efforts having participated in her own PR firm. Lastly, Debbie Reitz will be on the team as an assistant baker with over five years of experience. Objectives To establish a working storefront for Sunshine Bakery. To develop the strong presence in the community needed to support sales goals. To develop a full menu by the end of the second quarter. Mission Sunshine Bakery aims to be a cornerstone in the community creating a  neighbourhood atmosphere where customers feel comfortable and become instant regulars.We seek fair and responsible profit, enough to keep the company financially healthy for the long term and to fairly compensate owners and investors for their money and risk. Company Summary Sunshine Bakery will be located in downtown Mellville in a historical building. This downtown district is a very popular destination because of the historical architecture for weekenders and tourists. Company Ownership Currently Sunshine Bakery is a sole proprietorship owned by Merlin Hull. Eventually, as the company becomes established, Sunshine Bakery will apply to be incorporated. Start-up Summary The primary expense to establish the Sunshine Bakery is the mortgage loan estimated at R1,750,000 to purchase the vacant space on 7th street. The building was previously used as a bakery and we plan to buy the used equipment along with the space. This cost is also calculated into the loan estimate. Merlin Hull intends to invest R70,500 of her savings to cover the other cost of start-up. These costs include: Advertising brochures. Bakery ingredients. Insurance. Bakery accessories, i.e. paper bags, cartons, etc. Products Sunshine Bakery provides specialized cakes and cupcakes at premium prices for special occasions. The following flavours will be available vanilla, lemon, strawberry, chocolate, cheesecake, cherry cream and blue berry. Market Analysis Summary Our focus will be to target weddings, birthday parties, Easter celebrations, bachelorette parties and stork teas. Market Segmentation Our target market consists of three groups: The Wedding Group The wedding industry is booming and Sunshine bakery will focus on this group for whom a premium price can be charged for specialized and custom made cakes or cupcakes. The Parties Group This group will probably pre-order a variety of flavours, and it is not such a labour intensive order, because they will probably go for the less expensive option of choosing our standard products. The Individual Buyer or â€Å"Walk-in† Group Sunshine’s premises in the Bellville area, is a very popular destination because of the historical architecture for weekenders and tourists, which makes this segment a lucrative option. We will focus on window display to attract passersby. Target Market Segment Strategy In our target market, we will mainly focus on the â€Å"wedding group† since they will spend the most per order. We expect that the â€Å"parties† and the ‘†individual buyer† group will make up a smaller portion of our customers. We are specifically filling the speciality cakes needs of the â€Å"wedding group†, so we expect the most business from this group. Industry Analysis Sunshine Bakery competes in the Food Services Industry. In addition to competing with other specialized cakes bakeries, it competes with all restaurants, delis, bakeries and supermarkets for a share of its customers’ food expense. Sunshine is most concerned with competitors who differentiate their products and services with a creative and arty focus. Because this group is so large, Sunshine has chosen to limit its analysis to other specialized cakes bakeries. Competition and Buying Patterns Currently there are two bakeries in town that provide specialized cakes: Cupcakes from Heaven Strengths: Stocks freshly baked cupcakes and cakes. Well-  established bakery in town. Sells cakes in local grocery stores. Weaknesses: Does not provide a wide selection of flavours. Furthermore the texture and flavor of their cakes is very dense and lacks zest. Life is Beautiful Patisserie Strengths: Makes cakes and brownies every day. Will make custom-ordered non- gluten cakes. Weaknesses: Does not produce a wide selection or large quantity of cupcakes. Their main focus is traditional flavour large cakes. Strategy and Implementation Summary Our strategy focuses on serving a niche market with quality goods. We are determined to become a part of the community—an establishment that becomes as much of the community as a church or local grocery store. To achieve these goals, we will provide the following: Friendly, neighbourhood-feel atmosphere Quality baked goods for everyone to enjoy at a fair price Visually attractive cakes and cupcakes Coffee sales will be higher in winter months, and for summer months sales of sodas Competitive Edge Our competitive edge is our quality of goods. We use only products of the highest quality that create incredible feathery cakes that can’t be matched. We also focus mainly on whimsical and modern flavours and designs. The other bakeries in town focus on traditional flavours. Sales Strategy Our strategy focuses on building a customer base by providing good customer experience. With the addition of the coffee bar and lunch menu in early spring, we hope to have customers make the bakery their one-stop destination for breakfast or lunch. In the summer, when we open the outdoor patio, more and more customers will make the bakery a destination for their lunches more often since the atmosphere will be so pleasing. Sales Forecast Our sales forecast assumes the following changes: Cake sales in the summer months will be slightly higher since the wedding season is at its peak during summer months. Coffee sales will increase  during winter months. Please insert a Sales forecast graph here, indicating the projected sales for 12 months. Management Summary Merlin Hull is the founder of Sunshine Bakery. She brings to the bakery her experience as a baker and as an entrepreneur. She has worked as a baker for over 10 years including two years as an apprentice in a well-known Paris patisserie. As a teenager she helped her parents at the family’s general store, both in sales and marketing. For her last two years at her family’s store, she was the general employee manager. Her duties at the bakery will include employee hiring and training, head baker and store management. Robert Morgan has run his own successful CPA consulting firm for 15 years. His duties will include the bookkeeping, inventory management and stock fulfilment. Marlene Hendricks runs her own PR company and will be assisting the Sunshine Bakery in its marketing campaigns on a part-time basis.

Share Investments Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2864 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Investment Essay Did you like this example? Common shares as known as common stock, is ownership in a company, just the basic stock that is used to trading. Companies sell common shares through public offerings, and it trades among investors on the secondary market. The person who was holding the stock were hope to earn dividends from their share of company profits. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Share Investments Example For Free" essay for you Create order However, many profitable companies do not pay dividends, and never have any intentions.(Chris Stallman, 2010) The capital  stock  of a business entity represents the original capital paid into or  invested in the business by its founders. Its a  security  for creditors since it cannot be withdrawn to the detriment of the creditors.(Wikipedia, June 2009) For example, purchase of Genting shares means ownership of the company. Common share investments are the simplest form of investment instrument. Shares are offered at a price per share agreed upon by the company and investors. Investors receive shares with the same voting rights and the same terms as founders and employees holding stock options. Common share investments offer lower legal costs, which appeals to founders/management, friends and family, and angel investors, particularly when the size of the financing round is small. However, they may not appeal to outside investors seeking better upside potential on cash invested in a business. Some investors believe that having all shareholders on an equal footing creates incentive for the companys team to perform better. Therefore, this benefit outweighs the benefits of preferred share deals that offer investors better upside potential and protection for downside risk. However, these groups are the exception rather than the rule. The obvious risk with common shares is that the price may fall but some other are different like investment vehicles, investors cannot lose more than their initial investment. The holders of common shares can reap two main benefits, capital appreciation and dividends. Capital appreciation occurs when a stocks value increases over the amount initially paid for it. The stockholder makes a profit by selling the stock at its current market value after capital appreciation. Dividends, which are taxable payments, are paid to a companys shareholders from retained or current earnings. Typically, dividends are paid to stockholders on a quarterly basis. Payments are usually made in the form of cash, but other property or stock can also be used. Payment of dividends, however, hinges on a companys capacity to grow or maintain current or retained earnings. This means ongoing payment of dividends cannot be guaranteed. Common stock has the additional benefit of enabling its holders to vote on company issues and when choosing the companys leadership. Usually, one share of common stock equals one vote. Common stock makes its holders part-owners of the issuing company. They have the right to know how their company is running and who runs it. The company sends them annual financial reports and sometimes minutes of the board of directors meetings. These stockholders can vote for a new board of directors, and their vote is proportional to the number of shares they own. Profitable companies may decide to share their profits with stockholders by paying them dividends, but theyre un der no obligation to do so. If the issuing company goes into liquidation, common stockholders are the last in line, after bondholders and preferred stockholders, to get their money back. Importance of Common Shares Stock prices along with the dividend paid on stocks are the two most important factors that affect the return on investment earned by a person investing in stocks. The market prices of the stock of any company at which the stock can be purchased and sold changes from time to time depending on number of factors. The return on investment on the stock depends on the fluctuations in price between the time of purchase and sale of the stocks by the investor. In addition, the dividend paid on the stock during this period also adds to the profit. An investor makes profit on investment when the total of the rise in price of the stock and the dividend paid is positive. The investor makes a loss when this sum is negative. Thus the investor must try and purchase and sale of stocks in such a way that stocks purchase give maximum return in form of price rise and dividend after the purchase. Also investor must try to sell off the stocks held if the market prices are likely to fall in future. As can be seen from the above discussion, an investor must be more concerned with price fluctuations of the stock rather than the absolute price to make profit by way of increase in market price. However when considering the return by way of dividend, the absolute price is also important. (Anand R. ChungW., January 2010) Characteristic There are three characteristics of common shares which are stock rights, uncertain returns, and value based on dividends. Stock rights is the right to receive  dividend payments  typically from earnings,   consideration  in a merger or other fundamental transaction and a proportionate  distribution of assets on corporate liquidation. The power to sell the stock (liquidity rights) and realize  capital gains  on public trading markets or in private transactions. Shareholders are often said to have a residual claim to the income and assets of the business. Financially, they stand last in line behind corporate creditors, such as bondholders, short-term lenders, banks, trade creditors. When a company is unable to pay its debts, and the company is forced into bankruptcy, shareholders receive nothing. (Alon Brav, February 2003) Advantages Common shares pays less in dividends than preferred stock, and once this type of share is sold through an initial public offering, the issuing company basically has no more obligations toward the stockholders. Common stocks are highly liquid and easily transferable. The transaction costs are relatively low. The matter of its greater potential to grow in value, common stock is usually easier to sell. The investors can be bought and sold quickly at a fair price. Although past performance is not a guarantee of future performance, stocks have historically offered very high returns in relation to other investments. Common stock has the potential for delivering very large gains. The potential loss from stock purchased with cash is limited to the total amount of the initial investment, higher return due to higher risk. Disadvantages Common stocks are risky in the term of the share prices are volatile. If the company goes bankrupt, the common stockholders will not receive their money until the creditors and preferred shareholders have received their respective share of the leftover assets. This makes common stock riskier than debt or preferred shares. The upside to common shares is that they usually outperform bonds and preferred shares in the long run. Since common stock represents ownership of a business, stockholders are the last to get paid, like all other owners. Taxes must first pay by the company to its employees, suppliers, creditors, maintain its facilities. Any money left can then be distributed among its owners. While shareholders are company owners, they do not enjoy all of the rights and privileges that the owners of privately held companies do. For example, they cannot normally walk in and demand to review in detail the companys books. Investors in a company may not know all that there is to know about the company. This limited information can sometimes cause investment decision-making to be difficult. Prices are subject to wide swings, making valuation difficult. Besides, prices can be erratic, rising and declining quickly. Such declines often cause investors to panic and sell, which actually only serves to lock in their losses. Acquisition of common stock may result in ownership control, the shareholders may lose control of the company if a person purchase shares in the market and becomes a director of the company. Stock values can sometimes change for no apparent reason, which can be quite frustrating for the investor who is trying to anticipate the stocks behavior based on the actual performance of the company. Types of common stocks Blue-Chip Stocks Blue-chip stocks refer to companies with a long history of sustained earnings and dividend payments. These established companies have developed leadership positions in their respective industries and, because of their importance and large size, have stable earnings and dividend records. Most companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average are considered to be blue-chip companies. However, some financially troubled stocks such as ATT, for example, cut their dividends and were removed from the Dow and replaced with other, more solid companies. Not all blue-chip companies are the same. For example, Wal- Mart, the largest retailer in the world, pays an annual dividend of $0.88 per share, whereas Merck, the pharmaceutical company, pays an annual dividend of $1.52 per share, and the ExxonMobil annual dividend is $1.40 per share (as of May 2007). Wal-Mart sales and earnings grew rapidly in its early years, during which time it retained its earnings to fuel its growth. In later years it b egan paying a small dividend. Wal-Mart does not fit into the typical definition of a blue-chip company because it does not pay much of a dividend and has not had a long history of paying out dividends. Merck and ExxonMobil historically also have had growing sales and earnings, but they have elected to pay out a higher percentage of their earnings in dividends and have longer histories of paying dividends. Blue-chip companies appeal to investors who seek quality companies with histories of growing profits and regular dividend payouts. These types of companies tend to be less risky in periods of economic uncertainty because of their dependable earnings. In bear markets, the stock prices of blue-chip companies tend to decline less than those of growth companies that do not pay dividends. Investors are attracted to blue-chip stocks because they not only provide a store of wealth in anticipation of capital appreciation but also deliver regular dividend income. Income Stocks Income stocks have high dividend payouts, and the companies are typically in the mature stages of their industry life cycles. Stocks of companies that have established a pattern of paying higher-than average dividends can be defined as income stocks. Income stocks tend not to appreciate in price as much as blue-chip stocks do because income stock companies are more mature and are not growing as quickly as are blue-chip companies. This statement does not mean that income stock companies are not profitable or are about to go out of business. On the contrary, they have stable earnings and cash flow, but they choose to pay out much higher ratios of their earnings in dividends than other companies do. Utility companies and real estate investment trusts (REITs) are examples of income stocks. American Electric Power (ticker symbol AEP) has a current dividend of $1.56 and a dividend yield of 3.2 percent; Ameren Corporation (ticker symbol AEE) has a current dividend of $1.52 and a dividend yield of 4.7 percent; and NiSource (ticker symbol NI) has a current dividend of $0.92 and a dividend yield of 3.7 percent. These dividends and dividend yields, quoted as of May 11, 2007, were based on the stock prices on that day. The average dividend yield for stocks on the SP 500 Index was 1.81 percent over the same period. REITs are also classified as income stocks because they are required to pass on most of their earnings to shareholders because they are pass-through entities for tax purposes. Growth Stocks Growth stocks are issued by companies expected to have sustained high rates of growth in sales and earnings. These companies generally have high price/earnings (P/E) ratios and do not pay dividends. Companies such as Home Depot (ticker symbol HD) and Intel (ticker symbol INTC) grew at high double digits rates during the 1990s; the growth in these companies was curtailed shortly after that for different reasons. Home Depot faced increased competition from Lowes, which has newer, smaller, and more manageable stores. Intel saw sharp declines in its sales because of reductions in capital equipment spending by business, a decline in computer replacement sales by consumers, and increased competition from Advanced Micro Devices. Nevertheless, Intel still managed to keep its gross profit margins above 50 percent for most quarters during the first half of the 2000 decade. An indication that these two companies have passed through their sustained high-growth periods is that they no longer retain all their earnings. Both pay out small amounts of their earnings in dividends. In addition, because of their leadership positions in their respective industries, they also could be classified as blue-chip companies. Most growth companies pay no dividends, such as Cisco Systems (ticker symbol CSCO), which saw annual sales growth in the 30 to 50 percent range during the 1990s technology boom. Ciscos stock price soared around 130,000 percent from its initial public offering (IPO) in February 1990 to March 2000. Cisco expects growth to continue in the high single digits to low teens for revenue and earnings over the next five years. Rather than pay out their earnings in dividends, growth companies retain their earnings and reinvest them in the expansion of their businesses. Google is a good example of a growth company with a price to- earnings ratio of 71. Investors are willing to buy Google at $404 per share, paying 71 times earnings of $5.70 per share. Growth stocks are oft en referred to as high P/E ratio stocks because their greater growth prospects make investors more willing to buy them at higher prices. Investors do not receive returns in the form of dividends, so they buy these stocks for their potential capital appreciation. Cyclical Stocks Cyclical stock prices move with the economy. Cyclical stocks often reach their high and low points before the respective peaks and troughs of the economy. When the economy is in recession, these stocks see a decline in sales and earnings. During periods of expansion, these stocks grow substantially in sales and earnings. Examples of cyclical stocks are stocks issued by capital equipment companies, home builders, auto companies, and companies in other sectors tied to the fortunes of the economy as a whole. The economic growth in 2005-2006 has seen the stocks of John Deere (ticker symbol DE), the farm equipment maker, and Cummins Engine (ticker symbol CMI), the diesel engine manufacturer, rise to their 52-week highs. During a recession, stocks of this type are beaten down and are considered value stocks for patient investors who are willing to buy them and hold them until the next economic turnaround. Cyclical stocks appeal to investors who like to trade actively by moving in and out of stocks as the economy moves through its cycle. Speculative Stocks Speculative stocks have the potential for above-average returns, but they also carry above-average risk of loss if the company does poorly or goes bankrupt. Speculative stocks are stocks issued by companies that have a small probability for large increases in the prices of their stocks. These companies do not have earnings records and are considered to have a high degree of risk. In other words, these companies are quite likely to incur losses and not as likely to experience profits, so they have a higher possibility of larger price gains or losses than other types of stocks. Speculative stocks are more volatile than the other stock types. Speculative stocks are often issued by new companies with promising ideas that are in the development stages. With oil above $70 per barrel in 2006, the stocks of many alternative energy companies with low sales and no earnings rose to high prices with investors speculating on their potential relevance in providing alternative sources of energ y. The requisite quality for buying speculative stocks, because of their high risk, is a strong stomach-you have to be able to sleep well at night under any circumstances. These stocks deliver either large capital gains or large capital losses. Recommendation After the investment instrument we go through, we recommend that common stock (common shares) is a better share that investor may invest in, the main reason is that common share is easy to trade with the lower trading cost. Besides, common shares is no limit in capital gains potential, investor will invest in risky assets to receive a higher returns. Common shares can be invest by publics so that the investors can be bought and sold quickly at a fair price. The common shareholders are allowed to vote to the company on the important matters, the power of voting is depending the number of shares that held by the shareholders. So, well recommend that common shares is a better choice to invest by the investor. Conclusion A company may find it easier to sell common stock because of its potential to grow higher than preferred stock. It is no maturity date that will be held in perpetuity which means it can be passed down to the next kin. The business has to bear in mind, however, that common stockholders have voting rights, which is not the case with preferred stockholders. With common stock, theres no obligation to pay dividends, while with preferred ones, whether or not dividend payments are made depends on the type of stock issued. Finally, if a company becomes profitable and wants to buy back some of the stock, it will find it cheaper to do so with preferred stock than with common stock. (2889 words)